• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The mechanical loader of mortar with two conveyors that slide parallel to the axis of the barrel tube, supported on guides anchored at the ends on bearings, receive the grenade in the lower part of the tube, raising it up to the mouth; the guide and the conveyor rotate making the punching of the grenade that slides inside the tube. A sensor detects the entry of the grenade and the turning occurs in the opposite direction, removing the conveyor from the fire hydrant and initiating the descent. The protractor moves away from the mouth of fire the shot occurs. The two conveyors alternate in their operation, taking advantage of the stops, below, to carry out the loading. A single cylinder, hydraulic or pneumatic, provides the movement of both conveyors. The system incorporates sensors that synchronize movements and prevent the loading of a new grenade, if the former remains in the barrel tube. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2644853A1
    申请号:ES201600435
    申请日:2016-05-30
    公开日:2017-11-30
    发明作者:Rafael DOBLADO MARTÍN；Iluminado DIAZ SÁNCHEZ
    申请人:Rafael DOBLADO MARTÍN；Iluminado DIAZ SÁNCHEZ；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION

    Mechanical loader of advanced mortar.

    Technical sector 5

    The invention is part of the technical sector of the armament, for its integration in the systems of mortars of Avancarga and aims to improve the performance of shooting, by simplifying the loading operation, increasing the rate of fire and enabling its regulation, as well as increasing the security and decrease the physical effort of the servants. 10

    The field of application of the invention is comprised within the industrial sector dedicated to the manufacture of weapons and in particular for medium-sized and large caliber advance mortars.
     fifteen
    State of the art

    Traditionally mortar loading is done by a weapon servant, the loader, by the procedure of manually entering the grenade through the upper end, the mouth, of the cannon tube and waiting, for the grenade to be fired to introduce the next 20. This manual loading represents a hard work for the servant and a risk to his physical integrity, having to manipulate the grenade in the immediate vicinity of the mouth of the barrel tube immediately after firing, under conditions of stress and tension, produced by combat, that increase the possibility of committing errors likely to cause accidents. 25

    On the other hand, in heavy-gauge mortars, the weight of grenades is very high (approximately 17 kg for 120 mm caliber) and the height at which the mouth of the cannon is left is equal to or greater than the normal height of the people; Both features contribute to the manual loading operation causing great fatigue to the servant, which can also result in a limitation of the rate of fire of the weapon.

    Given this situation, the concern of the sector is to find a system that avoids loading in the traditional way, mainly in mortars of medium and large sizes, increasing the safety of the servants and allowing to control the rate of fire. 35

    At present some backload mortars are used, for example the AMOS, Advanced Mortar System, which are loaded by opening the barrel tube at the bottom but, in general, the mortars used by the armies remain of Avancarga. 40

    In some cases, such as the one described in the invention patent ES 2301586 T3, of the title Armored Vehicle, describes a mortar loading system, integrated in the vehicle, from inside an armored cabin, for this purpose the mortar, after each shooting, balances and returns to the loading position, which is fixed, inside the vehicle. 45 Once loaded, the mortar returns to the firing position by means of a rocking motion and the corresponding orientation turns for aiming at the target.

    Patent ES 2007496 describes a system of automatic loading of long range bell mortars that drives the feeding and firing mechanisms 50 by means of hydropneumatic devices taking advantage of the force of the gases during firing obtained through a gas intake. This system requires, therefore, an action on the tube itself that can influence its performance and requires the manual loading of the first shot, so that the automatism begins to work.
    Patent ES 2012910 describes a system of tilting roof tile for bell mortars. The described system slightly improves the conditions of the loading servant, especially in very long tube mortars.

    In most of these systems, mortar loading is still done in the traditional way, with examples being the CARDOM SOLTAM System, the EIMOS of EXPAL and others, integrated in armored vehicles with wheels or chains.

    The present invention provides a solution to the problems represented by the manual loading of advanced loading mortars by transferring the handling of the grenades, by the loader, from the top of the barrel tube, to the bottom, which decreases the physical effort and avoids risks, and automate load movements which makes the regulation of the rate of fire possible. Regarding the non-manual, known forms of loading, it has the advantage that the weapon maintains its position during loading, the moment of firing is controlled and it has control elements 15 that provide security. The system is easy to adapt to the advanced mortar whatever the type of assembly.

    Detailed description of the invention
     twenty
    The invention whose patent is requested proposes to load the grenade manually in a grenade conveyor, located at the base of the barrel tube and constructed in such a way that it allows the introduction of the grenade by the side of the conveyor, facilitating the loading operation.
     25
    Once loaded, the conveyor automatically travels along the barrel tube, parallel to it, keeping the grenade with its longitudinal axis parallel to that of the barrel tube, until it is placed above its mouth. From that position, the grenade conveyor performs a lateral rocking motion until it is aligned with the axis of the barrel tube; When the alignment is completed, the base of the conveyor 30 is opened by letting out the grenade, which, sliding by gravity, enters the tube completing the load. A sensor detects the passage of the grenade, from the conveyor to the barrel tube and induces the lateral movement of the conveyor to remove it from the mouth of the tube, out of the path of the shot. When the rocking motion is completed, the conveyor starts a downward movement, parallel to the axis of the barrel tube, which takes it to its base, to be reloaded.

    The shot of the grenade loaded into the barrel tube, occurs automatically when the conveyor is halfway down, below the fire hydrant, out of reach of the rebuild produced by the projection gases. 40

    The longitudinal sliding guide of the grenade conveyor and the driving elements that drive the conveyor are anchored to the barrel tube, so that the automatic loading mechanism flares the tube in its aiming movements, allowing loading in any position of threw. Four. Five

    Motion and trip sensors regulate the load giving safety of use by avoiding the loading of a new grenade if the previous one has not been triggered.

    Description of the drawings 50

    The drawings represent the elements of the invention in the preferred embodiment.

    Figure 1 represents a side view of the mortar assembly and its supporting elements, before the application of the invention. In it, (1) is the barrel tube, (2) the support bipod, (3) the base plate.

    Figure 2 represents the elevation of the mortar assembly and its support elements, 5 numbered as in Figure 1.

    Figure 3 represents the mortar of Figure 2, after having integrated into it the components of the mechanical loader system. In it, (4) and (5) are the anchoring clamps of the system to the barrel tube; (6) and (7) the glues, for sliding the sleeves 10 (8) and (9); (10) and (11), are the supports on which the guide (6) can rotate, (the left guide supports are not numbered), and jointly with it the sleeve (8); (12) is the lever that provides rotation to the guide (6); (13) the motion transmission cable; (20) the drive car; (23) the right carrier; (24) right carrier support; (15) and (16) are pulleys fixed to the drive car (20); (17) and (18) are fixed pulleys to the clamp (4), through them the movement is transmitted to the left conveyor and to the guide (7) by means of the corresponding lever and the cable (19); (21) and (22) are fixed pulleys to the anchoring clamp (5) that allow the connection of the cables (13) and (19) respectively, with the rotation levers of the guides; (25) is the hydraulic cylinder.
     twenty
    Figure 4 represents a side view of the mortar assembly with the mechanical loading system, it shows, in addition to the elements mentioned in Figure 3, the following: (26) is the grenade during the loading operation; (27) it is the grenade transporter and (28) the folding leaflets; (29) is the retainer; (30) is a clamp attached to the barrel tube and (31) a fork between which the top of the bipod 25 (2), (30) and (31) form a stabilizing keel assembly.

    Figure 5 represents the turning mechanism of the guides (6) and (7) with their respective sleeves (8) and (9), formed by the levers (12), the cable (13) and the antagonist spring (14) . 30

    Figure 6 represents the right conveyor (23) at the end of its upward stroke, prepared to initiate the turn to emboque the grenade and the retainer (29) retaining the grenade.
     35
    Figure 7 represents the right conveyor (23) after embedding and releasing the grenade that falls into the barrel tube, with the position of the elements of the guide rotation mechanism, lever (12) and spring (14) and the position of the retainer (29) that has been removed allowing the grenade to fall.
     40
    Figure 8 represents the end of the emboque phase, the conveyor is free to start the rotation caused by the force of the spring (14) and is placed parallel to the axis of the barrel tube, the retainer (29) returns to its position.

    Figure 9 shows the connection between the sleeves (8) and (9) by means of the cable (32) 45 that passes through the pulleys (33) and (34).

    Figure 10 represents the travel of the driving carriage (20) to perform the movements of the conveyor (23), (those on the right side are indicated). (CE) is the path to raise the left conveyor from its lowest position to the height of the mouth of the 50 barrel tube; (VD) is the route of the drive car (20) for the emboque to occur; after traveling again (CE) down, the right carrier will be in the lowest position and the left carrier will be at the height of the tube mouth
    cannon, with the route (VI) the emboque of the left carrier will take place; (CT) indicates the total route to be taken by the drive car (20).

    Figure 11 represents the hydraulic drive assembly of the cylinder (25) with its piston and the drive carriage (20); in it (35) indicates the liquid reservoir, (36) the electric pump, (37) adjustable overpressure discharge valve; (38) pressure gauge pressure gauge; (39) control solenoid valve that is activated to raise or lower the carriage (20).

    Figure 12 is the electrical scheme of the invention in which the drive and control elements 10 and their interaction are shown.

    Detailed presentation of an embodiment

    With reference to the drawings, the preferred embodiment is presented, in which a hydraulic cylinder is used, with a transmission by cable and pulleys, to give movement to the grenade conveyors, in their functions of elevation and emboque of the grenade in the barrel tube. A double assembly (two conveyors) is made to increase the rate of fire, moving the two conveyors with a single cylinder.
     twenty
    Figures 1 and 2 represent the mortar on which the invention is installed.

    Figure 3 shows the mechanical loader system of the invention integrated in the mortar. The system incorporates two anchor clamps (4) and (5) at the ends of the barrel tube (1) to which the bearings (10) and (11) are incorporated (only those on the right side are indicated), 25 to the that the guide (6) in which the sleeve (8) slides is joined; Likewise, the sleeve (9) will slide along the guide (7), producing an alternative movement of both sleeves, (when the right (8) goes down the left (9) and vice versa). The glues are tubes of square section, like the sleeves, so that they slide longitudinally on the guides, but are integral in the rotation; when the guide (6) rotates 30 relying on the bearings (10) and (11), it also rotates the sleeve (8) and the conveyor (23) until its longitudinal axis is aligned with the axis of the barrel tube.

    The rotation is generated when the sleeve (8) reaches its upper stop in the guide (6), the carriage (20) continues to rise and the cable (13), which now cannot move the sleeve, increases the shot over the end of the lever (12) overcoming the force of the antagonist spring (14) shown in figure (5).

    The moment the drive car (20) starts the descent, the traction of the cable (13) on the lever (12) ceases, the force of the antagonist spring (14) undoes the rotation of the guide (6) 40 and the conveyor (23) is again out of the mouth of the tube.

    The cable (32) links the two supports of the conveyors ensuring the alternative movement between them.
     Four. Five
    In figure 4, the form of loading the grenade (26) in the left conveyor located in the lower part of the mortar is indicated; the grenade rests on the lower part of the conveyor, closed by the retainer (29) and, when exerting a slight force (F) on it, the leaflets (28) that turn on hinges attached to the body (27) of the conveyor are opened ; When the grenade has been completely inserted into the conveyor, the leaflets are closed by the action of a spring.

    The sequence of operation of the invention, for a load made with the right side conveyor is as follows:
    A sensor detects the load on the conveyor and activates the hydraulic cylinder (25) of Figure 3, which pushes the drive carriage (20) to which the pulley (15) is attached; the upward movement tenses the cable (13) that pulls at one end of the lever (12), (without defeating the force of the spring (14), and at the other end pulls the sleeve (8) that slides over the guide (6), with the support (24) bringing the conveyor (23) up to the height of the 5 mouth of the tube; when the sleeve (8) reaches the top of the guide, it is retained, (this position is indicated in figure 6, the conveyor is ready for embouching.) The drive car has passed from level B, to level C, in figure 10; the drive car (20) continues to climb up to level D, the cable ( 13) the force of the spring (14) is overcome by turning the lever (12) and the guide, sleeve and conveyor assembly; during the 10 rotation of the conveyor the retainer (29) stops at the edge of the barrel tube and is removed by releasing the grenade just when the conveyor is completely aligned with the axis of the barrel tube; the grenade falls into the barrel tube and a sensor detects that the conveyor is free and activates a change of direction of the movement of the hydraulic cylinder that will now move the drive carriage (20) down. In the displacement of the dimension D to the dimension C, figure 10, the tension of the cable (13) and the antagonist spring (14) pulls the lever (12), turning the guide assembly, sleeve and conveyor, taking out to this of the emboque position and it is placed as shown in figure 8.

    During the CE travel, lowering, the drive car (20) with the pulleys (16) and (18), figures 3 20 and 9, with the cable (19) pull the sleeve (9) that slides in its guide (7) raising the left conveyor. The sleeve (8) with the conveyor (23) falls by gravity, but its descent is ensured, in correspondence with the rise of the left sleeve, by means of the cable (32) that joins both sleeves through the pulleys (33) and ( 34), to its lowest position, pending the loading of a new grenade. 25

    The sleeve (9) reaches the end of the guide (7) and the drive car will continue to go down to level A, as the sleeve cannot continue up the cable (19), which also passes through the pulley (17), increases its tension on the end of the lever and rotate the left guide, sleeve and conveyor assembly to the emboque position, repeating the sequence of the right loader assembly. Thus, the total travel CT of the drive car (20) is composed of the CE travels, of alternative displacement of both conveyors; VD, to provide the right conveyor emboque and VI, to provide the left conveyor emboque.
     35
    The stabilizing keel formed by the clamp (30) and the fork (31) that hugs the upper part of the bipod, prevents the possible balancing of the barrel tube generated by the weight imbalance that the loading mechanism induces in an alternative way.

    The hydraulic drive circuit is formed by the elements of figure 11. The solenoid valve (39) is actuated to raise or lower the carriage by electrically feeding the corresponding electromagnet (S) or (B) when the pump (36) It is in operation.

    Figure 12 represents the electrical scheme applied in this embodiment and allows explaining the combined operation of the system mechanisms.

    A general switch, (not shown in the figure), distributes the current to the points indicated by the sign (+) and to the command (40) that has the stop (P) and run (M) positions, and is located , when starting the system, in position (P), the current 50 reaches the (FC), limit switches, (67) and (68), but it does not produce any effect since they are deactivated. The left and right conveyors are in transport position. The green indicator (V) (66) comes on, through the relays (49) and (50), not activated.
    When the control (40) is brought to the running position (M), the current reaches different components and the movements described are produced:

    • To the FC (51) and to the relay (46), not activated, passing the current to the relay (47) that closes and is locked when powered from the (+) point, through the relay (48). From the 5 relay (46) it also passes to the relay (44) that activates and feeds the solenoid valve (39), side (B) and to the relay (45) that starts the pump (36) and lowers the right conveyor to the load position until the FC (51) that activates the relay (46) is activated by cutting the current to the relay (44); the solenoid valve (39) goes to neutral position and the pump stops. From the relay (46) current also arrives at the relay (47) that closes and 10 is locked by the current that arrives from the relay (48).

    • When loading the grenade, the sensor acting on the FC (41) is activated and the current reaches the FC (52); when the grenade is coupled to the conveyor, the FC (52) is activated and the current passes to the FC (53) and from it to the FC (42) and to the relay coil (43) 15 closing it; the relay (54) that powers the solenoid valve (39), side (S) and the relay (45) that starts the pump (36) is activated, the drive car (20) rises and the right conveyor rises.

    • When the drive car (20) arrives at the height of the FC (53), it activates it by cutting the current to the coil of the relay (43), the solenoid valve (39) goes to the rest position and the pump stops. From the activated FC (53), the current reaches the FC (57) and from it, through the relay (47) that was activated, reaches the relay (56) that closes and is locked, it powers the relay (54 ) and through it, the solenoid valve (39), side (S) and the relay (45) that starts the pump (36), the drive carriage (20) continues to rise 25 but the sleeve no longer rises and is produced the rotation of the right conveyor for the emboque of the grenade that falls into the barrel tube.

    • When the grenade finishes leaving the conveyor, the load sensor detects it and switches the FC (41) that cuts the current to the relay (56) and the solenoid valve goes to 30 neutral and stops the pump.

    • From the FC (41), current passes now, to the FC (42), which was activated when the conveyor reached the maximum height, and from it to the relay (48) that cuts the current to the relay (47) that opens and undo the bridge with the FC (57) that is only activated in the initial phase 35 of the first shot. From the FC (42) current arrives at the relay (50) that exchanges and the red light (58) comes on, indicating that there is a grenade inside the canon tube. Also, from the FC (42) current arrives at the relay (44) which, when closed, supplies the solenoid valve (39), side (B) and the relay (45) that starts the pump (36), the drive car (20) ) begins its descent in the phase of undoing the emboque of the right conveyor 40. Once the opening is completed, the transporter begins its descent, the FC (42) is opened and the drive car is stopped.

    • The right conveyor is up, out of the mouth of the barrel tube, aligned to follow the descent. Four. Five

    • When the right conveyor is free, the current arrives from the FC (41), not activated, to the FC (60), that is, the left side is activated.

    • The left conveyor is down, when charging a grenade the current passes from FC 50 (60) to FC (61) and when completing the load from FC (61) passes current to FC (62) and from it to the relay ( 63) and the FC (64), the relay (63) is activated and from it, the current reaches the relay (44) that supplies the solenoid valve (39), side (B), and the relay (45) that sets
    the pump is running (36). The drive car starts its descent race by lowering the right conveyor and raising the left conveyor.

    • The drive car acts on the FC (62), by cutting the current to the relay (63) the pump stops working and the drive car stops; From the FC (62), the current reaches the trigger electromagnet (55), triggering. The pressure of the gases of the rebufo when the grenade is fired is collected by a sensor installed next to the mouth of the tube, represented by the FC (57) that closes and the relay (65) that is locked by the current is activated. that comes from FC (60). Current also arrives, from the FC (57), to the relay (49) that cuts the current to the relay (50), with the red light (58) going out; when the pressure ceases, the FC (57) is deactivated and the current is cut off to the relay (49) and the green light (66) comes on.

    • From the relay (65) the relay (44) that powers the solenoid valve (39), (side B) is activated, and the relay (45) that starts the pump (36), the drive head continues to lower. When the left conveyor reaches the end of its upward stroke, press the FC (64), the relay (63) opens; The relay (44) is still receiving power from the relay (65), (it was closed when the trip occurred; if the trip had not occurred, the system would have stopped and the red light would remain on), and the drive car it continues to go down producing the turn for emboque of the left conveyor 20; when the emboque is completed, the grenade falls into the cannon tube.

    • When the conveyor is discharged from the FC (60), current is sent to the FC (64) that is activated and passes to the relay (50), turning on the red light (58) and the relay (54) and the solenoid valve (39) is powered ), side (S) and the relay (45) that starts the pump 25 (36), starting the rise of the drive carriage and the turning turn of the left conveyor and its descent begins. The FC (64) is deactivated and the movement of the drive car is stopped until the right conveyor is loaded, restarting the cycle.

    • When you want to finish the shot, no grenade is loaded on the conveyor that is 30 below, the knob (40) is placed in position (P), the current reaches the FC (67) and (68); if the left conveyor is down, the FC (67) is activated, the relay (69) closes and the current from the FC (71) reaches the relay (44) that closes and feeds the solenoid valve (39) side B, the drive car goes down and the left conveyor goes up until the drive car activates the FC (71) that cuts the current to the relay (69) and to the relay 35 (44) and stops the system leaving the two transporters in transport position. If it is the right conveyor that is below, the FC (68) is pressed and the relay (70) that activates the relay (54) that feeds the solenoid valve (39) S side is closed, the drive car goes up and also the conveyor right, until the drive car activates the FC (71) by cutting the current to the relay (54) and stops the system leaving, as before, the two conveyors in transport position.

    From the above it follows that the system has devices that take into account the first shot, the safety stop that prevents the loading of a grenade if the previous one has not been fired, signaling the state of charge in the barrel tube (lights ), and put 45 in transport position.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]

    1. Mechanical mortar loader characterized by having a conveyor container (23) which, located at the base of the barrel tube (1), receives the grenade automatically initiating an upward movement, parallel to the tube, until it is 5 above from the mouth of the tube, in this position it makes a turn until it is aligned with the axis of the tube and releases the grenade that, sliding by gravity, enters it, being loaded. The conveyor (23) undoes the turning movement and then lowers parallel to the barrel tube (1) to be placed in the lower part waiting to receive a new grenade. 10

    [2]
    2. Mechanical mortar loader according to claim 1, characterized in that the upward movement of the conveyor container (23) is based on a sliding sleeve (8) on a guide (6) parallel to the guide through a support (24). axis of the barrel tube, anchored to the ends thereof, the sleeve (8) being integral with the guide 15 when it rotates on its longitudinal axis, once the conveyor reaches its maximum elevation, to place it aligned with the axis of the barrel tube .

    [3]
    3. Mechanical mortar loader according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rotation of the guide (6) induces in the conveyor (23) a rotation which, 20 simultaneously to the alignment with the axis of the barrel tube, over the fire hydrant, remove the retainer (29) by releasing the grenade when the alignment is complete, so that, by gravity, the grenade enters the cannon tube.

    [4]
    4. Mechanical mortar loader according to claims 1, 2 and 3 characterized in that the rotation of the guide is provided by the increase in the tension of the cable (13) on the end of the lever (12) attached to the bottom of the guide (6) spinning it on its support bearings (10) and (11).

    [5]
    5. Mechanical mortar loader according to claims 1, 2, 3, and 4 characterized in that the rotation of the guide in the opposite direction, once the grenade has been introduced into the barrel tube, removes the conveyor (23) from the mouth of the barrel tube, then beginning the descent of the conveyor along the guide (6) until it reaches its lower position, to be reloaded.
     35
    [6]
    6. Mechanical mortar loader according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, in which all the movements described in previous claims are generated by a single cylinder, hydraulic or pneumatic, by means of a cable and pulley transmission, which drive both the sliding sleeve (8) as the pivot lever (12) of the guide (6).
     40
    [7]
    7. Mechanical mortar loader according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, characterized in that the conveyor (23) has two leaflets (28) which, when pressed with the grenade, open to allow the introduction of the grenade into the conveyor, which is retained therein by the leaflets (28) and the retainer (29).
     Four. Five
    [8]
    8. Mechanical mortar loader according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 which has electrical sensors that allow it to carry out the described movements, actuate the firing pin when the barrel tube is loaded and the conveyor (23 ) is out of its mouth and automatically stop loading a new grenade if the previous grenade has not been triggered due to any failure. fifty

    [9]
    9. Mechanical mortar loader, according to all the preceding claims, which has a double configuration, with a conveyor container sliding along a
    guide on each side of the barrel tube, with alternative up and down movement, and both driven by a single cylinder.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2644853B1|2018-09-21|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US1090093A|1911-06-19|1914-03-10|Krupp Ag|Loading device for turbet or stationary guns.|
    US2643582A|1945-11-30|1953-06-30|Us Sec War|Loading mechanism for mortars|
    ES2012910A6|1988-12-19|1990-04-16|Gonzalez Penas Jose|Hinged plate for loading mortars|
    US6095026A|1997-07-11|2000-08-01|Tda Armements S.A.S.|System for the loading of a mortar|
    US6460448B1|2000-08-17|2002-10-08|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army|Automated loader assist for mortars|
    法律状态:
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